If you need to preprocess a specific paragraph type for it’s content or fields but you need to know the node/entity type that the request is coming from you can use the following.
Make sure that you check to make sure the $node is not NULL before running methods against $node.
Here we are going to preprocess a PARAGRAPH_TYPE but only if that paragraph is part of a CUSTOMER node/entity type.
<?php
function MODULE_NAME_preprocess_paragraph__PARAGRAPH_TYPE(&$variables){
// Get the paragraph
$paragraph = $variables['paragraph'];
// Get the Language
$language = \Drupal::languageManager()->getCurrentLanguage()->getId();
// Get the Node from the request.
$node = Drupal::request()->attributes->get('node');
// Check to make sure the node is NOT null before running something like $node->bundle();
if($node != null && $node->bundle() == 'customer' ){
// Code
}
}